Python Programming Fundamentals

2 min read

• Data Types in Python
• Operators in Python
  • Mathematical/Arithmetic Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Shorhand/Augmented Assignment Operators
  • Membership Operators
  • Identity Operators
• Summary

Data Types in Python

graph TD
A[Data Types]

A --> B[Numbers]
B --> I(Integer)
B --> F(Float)
B --> C(Complex)

A --> D(Boolean)

A --> E[Sequence]
E --> S(String)
E --> L(List)
E --> T(Tuple)

A --> G[Set]
A --> H[Mapping]
H --> DI(Dictionary)

A --> N(None)

Operators in Python

Mathematical/Arithmetic Operators

Symbol	Description	Example 1	Example 2
+	Addition	»> 55+45 100	»> ‘Good’ + ‘Morning’ GoodMorning
-	Subtraction	»> 55-45 10	»> 30-80 -50
*	Multiplication	»> 55*45 2475	»> ‘Good’*3 GoodGoodGood
/	Division	»> 17/5 3.4	»> 28/3 9.333333333333334
%	Remainder/Modulus	»> 17%5 2	»> 23%2 1
**	Exponentiation	»> 2**3 8	»> 16**.5 4.0
//	Integer Division (Floor Division)	»> 7.0//2 3.0	»> 3//2 1

Relational Operators

Symbol	Description	Example: Integers	Example: Strings
<	less than	»> 7<10 True	»> ‘Hello’ < ‘Goodbye’ False
>	greater than	»> 7>5 True	»> ‘Hello’>’Goodbye’ True
<=	less than or equal to	»> 2<=5 True	»> ‘Hello’<=’Goodbye’ False
>=	greater than or equal to	»> 10>=10 True	»> ‘Hello’>=’Goodbye’ True
!=,<>	not equal to	»> 10!=11 True	»> ‘Hello’!=’HELLO’ True
==	equal to	»> 10==10 True	»> ‘Hello’==’Hello’ True

Note: When relational operators are applied to strings, strings are compared left to right character by character, based on their ASCII codes, also called ASCII values.

Logical Operators

Symbol	Description
and	If both the operands/conditions are true, then the output becomes True.
or	If any one the operands/conditions is true, the the output become True.
not	Reverses the state of operand/condition.

Shorhand/Augmented Assignment Operators

Note: We assume the value of variable x as 12 for a better understanding of these operators.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+=	adds and assign back the result to left operand	x+=2	the operand/expression/constant written ofn RHS of operator will change the value of x to 14
-=	subtracts and assigns back the result to left operand	X-=2	x will become 10
*=	multiplies and assigns back the result to left operand	x*=2	x will become 24
/=	divides and assigns back the result to left operand	x/=2	x will become 6.0
%=	displays modulus using two operands and assigns the result to left operand	x%=2	x will become 0
**=	performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assigns value to he left operand	x**=2	x will become 144
//=	performs floor division on operators and assigns value to the left operand	x//=2	x will become 6

Membership Operators

• in operator: It returns True if a character/substring exists in the given string.
• not in operator: It returns True if a character/substring does not exist in the given string.

Identity Operators

• is Operator: It returns True if both the variables are pointing to the same object. In other words, it evaluates *True if the variables on either side of the operator point owards the same memory location; otherwise, it evaluates to False.
• is not operator: It returns True if both variables are not the same objects. In other words, it evaluates to False if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same memory location; otherwise, it evaluates to True.

Summary

In this article we learned:

• Python data types
• Arithmetic operators
• Relational operators
• Logical operators
• Membership operators
• Identity operators

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